The Ultimate Guide To The Historic US Buffalo Nickel

What is a US Buffalo Nickel?

A US Buffalo Nickel is a five-cent piece that was struck by the United States Mint from 1913 to 1938. It was designed by James Earle Fraser and features a Native American chief on the obverse and a buffalo on the reverse.

The Buffalo Nickel was introduced in 1913 to replace the Liberty Head Nickel, which had been in circulation since 1883. Fraser's design was chosen through a competition held by the Mint. He based the obverse design on a portrait of Chief Iron Tail, a Lakota Sioux chief. The reverse design features a buffalo, which was a symbol of the American West.

The Buffalo Nickel was a popular coin and was widely circulated throughout the United States. It was eventually replaced by the Jefferson Nickel in 1938. However, the Buffalo Nickel remains a popular collector's item and is still struck today as a commemorative coin.

US Buffalo Nickel

The US Buffalo Nickel, a five-cent piece struck from 1913 to 1938, holds significance in American numismatics. Its distinctive design and historical context make it a captivating subject for exploration.

• Designer: James Earle Fraser
• Obverse: Native American chief
• Reverse: American buffalo
• Mintage: 1913-1938
• Composition: Nickel
• Weight: 5 grams
• Diameter: 21.21 millimeters
• Value: Varies depending on condition and rarity

The Buffalo Nickel's design, featuring a Native American chief and a buffalo, symbolizes the nation's westward expansion and the displacement of Native American tribes. Its popularity among collectors stems from its artistic merit and historical significance, making it a prized possession for numismatists and history enthusiasts alike.

1. Designer

James Earle Fraser, an American sculptor and medalist, played a pivotal role in the creation of the US Buffalo Nickel. His artistic vision and design expertise left an indelible mark on the coin's legacy.

Fraser's involvement with the Buffalo Nickel began in 1911 when the United States Mint held a competition to design a new five-cent piece. Fraser's design, featuring a Native American chief on the obverse and a buffalo on the reverse, was selected from among hundreds of submissions.

Fraser's design for the Buffalo Nickel is considered a masterpiece of American numismatic art. His depiction of the Native American chief is both dignified and stoic, while the buffalo on the reverse captures the strength and majesty of the American West. The coin's overall design is simple yet powerful, and it has become one of the most iconic coins in American history.

The Buffalo Nickel was struck from 1913 to 1938 and was widely circulated throughout the United States. It was eventually replaced by the Jefferson Nickel in 1938, but the Buffalo Nickel remains a popular collector's item and is still struck today as a commemorative coin.

Fraser's design for the Buffalo Nickel is a testament to his artistic skill and his understanding of American history and culture. The coin is a beautiful and enduring work of art that has captured the imagination of collectors and the public alike.

2. Obverse

The obverse of the US Buffalo Nickel features a Native American chief, a powerful symbol that is deeply connected to the coin's history and significance.

• Symbol of Native American Heritage: The Native American chief on the Buffalo Nickel represents the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples of the United States. It pays homage to their deep connection to the land and their role in shaping the nation's history.
• Artistic Representation: The depiction of the Native American chief is a testament to the artistic merit of the Buffalo Nickel. Sculptor James Earle Fraser's design captures the dignity and strength of the Native American people, creating a timeless and iconic image.
• Historical Context: The Buffalo Nickel was introduced during a period of westward expansion and the displacement of Native American tribes. The coin's design reflects the complex relationship between Native Americans and the United States government, serving as a reminder of both the nation's history and its ongoing struggle for racial justice.
• Cultural Symbol: The Native American chief on the Buffalo Nickel has become a cultural symbol, representing the resilience and spirit of Native American communities. It is a reminder of the importance of recognizing and honoring the contributions of indigenous peoples to American society.

In conclusion, the Native American chief on the obverse of the US Buffalo Nickel is a multifaceted symbol that embodies the coin's historical, artistic, and cultural significance. It is a powerful reminder of the nation's past and a testament to the enduring legacy of Native American heritage.

3. Reverse

The reverse of the US Buffalo Nickel features an American buffalo, a majestic animal that is deeply connected to the coin's symbolism and historical context.

• Symbol of the American West: The American buffalo is an iconic symbol of the American West, representing the vast open plains, rugged landscapes, and untamed spirit of the frontier. Its presence on the Buffalo Nickel evokes the nation's westward expansion and the importance of the buffalo in Native American culture.
• Artistic Representation: Sculptor James Earle Fraser's depiction of the buffalo is a testament to his artistic skill and his understanding of animal anatomy. The buffalo is captured in a dynamic pose, with its head lowered and its muscles tensed, conveying a sense of strength and determination.
• Economic Importance: The American buffalo played a vital role in the economy and survival of Native American tribes. They provided food, clothing, shelter, and tools, and their presence on the Buffalo Nickel serves as a reminder of their cultural and economic significance.
• Conservation Symbol: In the early 20th century, the American buffalo faced near extinction due to overhunting and habitat loss. The Buffalo Nickel helped raise awareness about the importance of conservation and played a role in the efforts to protect and restore buffalo populations.

In conclusion, the American buffalo on the reverse of the US Buffalo Nickel is a powerful symbol that embodies the coin's connection to the American West, Native American culture, and the importance of conservation. It is a reminder of the nation's history and its ongoing commitment to protecting and preserving its natural heritage.

4. Mintage

The US Buffalo Nickel was minted from 1913 to 1938, a period that encompasses the coin's entire production run. The mintage years are an important aspect of the Buffalo Nickel's history and significance.

The Buffalo Nickel was designed by James Earle Fraser and was intended to replace the Liberty Head Nickel, which had been in circulation since 1883. The new coin was struck at three different mints: Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco. The Philadelphia Mint produced the majority of Buffalo Nickels, followed by the Denver Mint and the San Francisco Mint.

The mintage years of the Buffalo Nickel provide valuable information for collectors and researchers. The mintage figures for each year can help determine the rarity and value of a particular coin. In addition, the mint mark on a Buffalo Nickel can indicate where the coin was struck, which can add to its historical significance.

Overall, the mintage years of the US Buffalo Nickel are an important aspect of the coin's history and significance. They provide valuable information for collectors and researchers, and they help to tell the story of the coin's production and circulation.

5. Composition

The US Buffalo Nickel is composed primarily of nickel, which contributes to its durability, distinctive color, and magnetic properties.

Nickel was chosen as the primary metal for the Buffalo Nickel due to its hardness and resistance to wear and tear. This made it an ideal choice for a coin that would be subject to frequent handling and circulation. Additionally, nickel's silvery-white color gave the Buffalo Nickel a distinctive appearance that set it apart from other coins of the time.

The use of nickel in the Buffalo Nickel also has practical significance. Nickel is a relatively inexpensive metal, which made it a cost-effective choice for producing large quantities of coins. Additionally, nickel is magnetic, which allows Buffalo Nickels to be easily sorted and counted using automated machines.

In conclusion, the composition of the US Buffalo Nickel is an important aspect of its history, appearance, and practical use. The use of nickel gives the coin its durability, distinctive color, and magnetic properties, all of which have contributed to its popularity and significance among collectors and the general public.

6. Weight

The weight of the US Buffalo Nickel, at 5 grams, is a significant aspect of its design, production, and circulation.

The weight of the coin was carefully determined to ensure its durability and functionality. A weight of 5 grams provides the Buffalo Nickel with sufficient mass to withstand the wear and tear of everyday use. This durability is important for a coin intended to circulate widely and be handled frequently.

The weight of the Buffalo Nickel also affects its production. The coin's weight determines the amount of metal required to produce each piece, which in turn affects the cost of production. A weight of 5 grams allows for the production of a substantial number of coins without excessive material costs.

Furthermore, the weight of the Buffalo Nickel has practical significance. The coin's weight makes it easy to stack and count, facilitating efficient handling and storage. This is particularly important for large quantities of coins, such as those held by banks and other financial institutions.

In conclusion, the weight of 5 grams for the US Buffalo Nickel is a carefully considered aspect that contributes to the coin's durability, production efficiency, and practical use. Understanding this connection provides insights into the design and functionality of the Buffalo Nickel, as well as the practical considerations involved in coin production and circulation.

7. Diameter

The diameter of the US Buffalo Nickel, measuring 21.21 millimeters, is a significant aspect of its design, production, and functionality.

• Standardization and Compatibility: The consistent diameter ensures that Buffalo Nickels can be easily stacked, counted, and used in vending machines and other automated devices. This standardization facilitates efficient handling and processing of the coins.
• Durability and Wear Resistance: The diameter contributes to the coin's durability by providing a larger surface area to distribute wear and tear. This helps to preserve the coin's design and inscriptions over time, even with frequent handling and circulation.
• Visual Appeal and Recognition: The diameter of 21.21 millimeters gives the Buffalo Nickel a distinctive size and shape that makes it easily recognizable among other coins. This visual appeal enhances the coin's aesthetic value and collectibility.
• Production Efficiency and Cost: The diameter of the Buffalo Nickel is optimized for efficient production. It allows for a substantial number of coins to be produced from a given amount of metal, reducing production costs and waste.

In conclusion, the diameter of 21.21 millimeters for the US Buffalo Nickel is a carefully considered dimension that contributes to the coin's standardization, durability, visual appeal, and production efficiency. Understanding this connection provides insights into the practical and aesthetic considerations involved in coin design and production.

8. Value

The value of a US Buffalo Nickel varies significantly depending on its condition and rarity. This is an important aspect to consider for collectors, investors, and those interested in the historical significance of the coin.

The condition of a Buffalo Nickel refers to its physical state, including factors such as wear, scratches, and overall preservation. Coins in mint condition, with no visible signs of damage, are generally more valuable than those with wear or imperfections. The rarity of a Buffalo Nickel refers to how many were produced and how many still exist today. Coins with lower mintages or those that were produced during specific years or at particular mints can be more valuable due to their scarcity.

Understanding the connection between condition and rarity and the value of a Buffalo Nickel is important for several reasons. For collectors, it helps determine the potential value of their coins and make informed decisions about purchasing or selling. For investors, it provides insights into the potential return on investment for rare or well-preserved Buffalo Nickels. Additionally, understanding the factors that affect value can enhance the appreciation of the coin's historical significance and its role in numismatics.

In conclusion, the value of a US Buffalo Nickel is closely tied to its condition and rarity. Recognizing this connection provides valuable information for collectors, investors, and enthusiasts alike, contributing to a deeper understanding of the coin's history, value, and significance within the world of numismatics.

US Buffalo Nickel FAQs

This section addresses frequently asked questions and misconceptions surrounding the US Buffalo Nickel, providing informative answers to enhance understanding and appreciation of this iconic coin.

Question 1: What is the significance of the Native American chief depicted on the obverse of the Buffalo Nickel?

Answer: The Native American chief represents the rich cultural heritage and historical presence of indigenous peoples in the United States. It symbolizes the nation's westward expansion and the interaction between Native American tribes and the federal government.

Question 2: Why was the American buffalo chosen as the reverse design of the Buffalo Nickel?

Answer: The American buffalo holds deep cultural and economic significance for Native American tribes. Its depiction on the coin highlights the importance of the buffalo in their way of life and its role as a symbol of the vast and untamed American West.

Question 3: What factors determine the value of a Buffalo Nickel?

Answer: The value of a Buffalo Nickel is primarily influenced by its condition and rarity. Coins in mint condition with no visible wear and tear are more valuable than those with signs of damage. Additionally, coins with lower mintages or those produced during specific years or at particular mints can command higher prices due to their scarcity.

Question 4: How can I identify the mint mark on a Buffalo Nickel?

Answer: The mint mark on a Buffalo Nickel is located on the reverse, usually below the buffalo's tail. It consists of a single letter indicating the mint where the coin was produced: "P" for Philadelphia, "D" for Denver, and "S" for San Francisco.

Question 5: Is the Buffalo Nickel still in circulation today?

Answer: The Buffalo Nickel was officially replaced by the Jefferson Nickel in 1938 and is no longer in circulation for everyday transactions. However, commemorative Buffalo Nickels continue to be produced by the United States Mint for collectors and enthusiasts.

In conclusion, the US Buffalo Nickel holds historical, cultural, and numismatic significance. Understanding the answers to these frequently asked questions enhances appreciation for this iconic coin and its enduring legacy.

Transition to the next article section: Explore the captivating history and symbolism of the US Buffalo Nickel in the following section.

Conclusion

The US Buffalo Nickel, introduced in 1913, stands as a testament to the nation's westward expansion and its relationship with Native American tribes. Its distinctive design, featuring a Native American chief on the obverse and a buffalo on the reverse, has made it an iconic symbol of American numismatics.

Throughout its history, the Buffalo Nickel has captured the imagination of collectors and enthusiasts alike. Its artistic merit, historical significance, and variations in condition and rarity contribute to its enduring popularity. Today, the Buffalo Nickel remains a sought-after collectible, a reminder of the rich cultural heritage and natural beauty that shaped the United States.